When children visit the dentist, the parents' primary concern is usually decay, not gum disease. However, having cavity-free teeth is only part of having a healthy mouth. Children also face the threat of ginvititis, an inflammation of the gums that can lead to other forms of periodontal infection and the loss of bone and gum tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth.

Gum disease has traditionally been linked to adults, but studies have indicated that probably over half of all school-age children have some degree of gingivitis. So, don't be lulled into a false sense of security when your children have had a cavity-free visit. Parents need to be sure that their child's dentist also performs a thorough evaluation of the gums, bone, and soft tissue at every visit, beginning at the time of the child's first birthday.

There are about a half dozen classified types of periodontal problems that affect young people. Gingivitis is the mildest and most common form and is often the result of inadequate home care. Symptoms of gingivitis include red, swollen gums and gums that bleed when children chew, brush, or floss their teeth. The problem develops when bacterial deposits (plaque) accumulate in the gum crevice that surrounds a tooth. The more bacteria that accumulates, the greater the probability that the body's defense will be overwhelmed and unable to manage that bacteria in a healthy way. Hence, swelling and bleeding will result.

Although gingivitis is treatable and its symptoms are usually reversible, more severe forms of periodontal disease can result in permanent loss of gum tissue or of the bone that supports the teeth. Loss of gum or bone at a young age can lead to serious trouble. The younger a child starts having a problem, the worse the prognosis is because there are so many more years in which further problems can potentially occur. Left untreated, it becomes difficult to keep the teeth for a lifetime.

In most cases, childhood gum disease can be prevented using the same techniques recommended for adults: proper brushing, flossing, and regular periodic preventive dental check-ups, which include professional cleanings and examinations for signs of disease. It is important for parents to realize that children need to get their teeth cleaned even if they don't look like they need it. Just because you can't see plaque (it's an invisible film of bacteria) doesn't mean it's not there. A thorough professional cleaning goes a long way to help keep gums healthy.

At home, parents can do a great deal to protect their children from gum disease by helping with their cleanings and, as the children grow, by teaching proper techniques recommended by a pediatric dentist for brushing and flossing.

And remember plaque accumulates on gum pads as well as on teeth. It's never too early to get babies used to dental care by gently wiping the gums with a clean cloth or soft-bristled toothbrush even before the first tooth erupts into the mouth. Keep those gums in the pink.